WoRMS taxon details
Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)
127149 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:127149)
accepted
Species
Bothus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) · unaccepted
Pleuronectes cyclops Donovan, 1806 · unaccepted (synonym)
Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758 · unaccepted (synonym)
Pleuronectes turbot Lacepède, 1802 · unaccepted
Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758) · unaccepted
Psetta maxima maxima (Linnaeus, 1758) · unaccepted
Rhombus aculeatus Gottsche, 1835 · unaccepted
Rhombus magnus Minding, 1832 · unaccepted
Rhombus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) · unaccepted (synonym)
Rhombus stellosus Bennett, 1835 · unaccepted
Scophthalmus ponticus Ninni, 1932 · unaccepted
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
(of Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 271 [details] Available for editors
[request]
page(s): 271 [details] Available for editors
[request]
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2025). FishBase. Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=127149 on 2025-05-06
Date
action
by
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Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License
Nomenclature
original description
(of Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 271 [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Pleuronectes cyclops Donovan, 1806) Donovan, E. (1802-08). The natural history of British fishes, including scientific and general descriptions of the most interesting species, and an extensive selection of accurately finished coloured plates. <em>London.</em> 1-516 unnumbered, Pls. 1-120. [v. 1, 1802:1-70, Pls. 1-24; v. 2, 1803:71-164, Pls. 25-48; v. 3, 1804:165-300, Pls. 49-72; v. 4, 1806:301-406, Pls. 73-96, v. 5, 1808: 407-516, Pls. 97-120.].
page(s): 5 unnum. pp., Pl. 90 [details]
original description (of Pleuronectes turbot Lacepède, 1802) Lacepède, B.G.E. (1802). Histoire naturelle des poissons: IV. <em>chez Plassan: Paris, France.</em> v. 4: i-xliv + 1-728, Pl. 1-16., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6705733
page(s): 597, 645 [details]
original description (of Rhombus stellosus Bennett, 1835) Bennett, E. T. (1835). [A letter...to the Secretary by Keith E. Abbott, Esq.,...a collection of skins of mammals and birds, and of preserved reptiles, fishes, and insects]. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1835 (pt 3): 89-92. [Fishes on pp. 91-92.]. [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 357-374 (look up in IMIS) [details]
page(s): 271 [details] Available for editors
[request]original description (of Pleuronectes cyclops Donovan, 1806) Donovan, E. (1802-08). The natural history of British fishes, including scientific and general descriptions of the most interesting species, and an extensive selection of accurately finished coloured plates. <em>London.</em> 1-516 unnumbered, Pls. 1-120. [v. 1, 1802:1-70, Pls. 1-24; v. 2, 1803:71-164, Pls. 25-48; v. 3, 1804:165-300, Pls. 49-72; v. 4, 1806:301-406, Pls. 73-96, v. 5, 1808: 407-516, Pls. 97-120.].
page(s): 5 unnum. pp., Pl. 90 [details]
original description (of Pleuronectes turbot Lacepède, 1802) Lacepède, B.G.E. (1802). Histoire naturelle des poissons: IV. <em>chez Plassan: Paris, France.</em> v. 4: i-xliv + 1-728, Pl. 1-16., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6705733
page(s): 597, 645 [details]
original description (of Rhombus stellosus Bennett, 1835) Bennett, E. T. (1835). [A letter...to the Secretary by Keith E. Abbott, Esq.,...a collection of skins of mammals and birds, and of preserved reptiles, fishes, and insects]. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1835 (pt 3): 89-92. [Fishes on pp. 91-92.]. [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 357-374 (look up in IMIS) [details]
Taxonomy
status source
Lin, Y.; Gao, Z.; Zhan, A. (2015). Introduction and use of non-native species for aquaculture in China: status, risks and management solutions. <em>Reviews in Aquaculture.</em> 7(1): 28-58., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12052 [details]
Ecology
ecology source
Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H. L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéquel, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C. W.; Mooney, T. A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L. K.; Rice, A. N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Spriel, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M. J. G. (2023). Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. <em>Scientific Data.</em> 10(1). (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4 [details] 
Other
context source (Schelde)
Goudswaard, K.; van Asch, M. (2015). Kuilen op de Westerschelde: data rapport 2015. <em>IMARES Wageningen Report, C145/15. IMARES Wageningen UR: Yerseke.</em> 14 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
context source (BeRMS 2020) Fish trawl survey: ICES Beam Trawl Survey for commercial fish species. ICES Database of trawl surveys (DATRAS). The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen. 2010., available online at http://ecosystemdata.ices.dk [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2025). ECoF. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. <em>California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco.</em> Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2025., available online at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [details]
additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2025). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (06/2024)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
context source (BeRMS 2020) Fish trawl survey: ICES Beam Trawl Survey for commercial fish species. ICES Database of trawl surveys (DATRAS). The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen. 2010., available online at http://ecosystemdata.ices.dk [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2025). ECoF. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. <em>California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco.</em> Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2025., available online at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [details]
additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2025). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (06/2024)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From regional or thematic species database
Introduced species impact Chinese part of the Yellow Sea (Marine Region) Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space [details]Introduced species impact Chinese part of the Yellow Sea (Marine Region) Genetic impacts: hybridisation and introgression [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal Chinese part of the Yellow Sea (Marine Region) Aquaculture [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Albanian | shkotra [from synonym] | [details] |
| Breton | turoden | [details] |
| Bulgarian | Черноморски калкан [from synonym] | [details] |
| Danish | pighvarre [from synonym] | [details] |
| Dutch | tarbot | [details] |
| English | turbot | [details] |
| Finnish | piikkikampela [from synonym] | [details] |
| French | turbot | [details] |
| German | Steinbutt | [details] |
| Icelandic | sandhverfa [from synonym] | [details] |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Σιάκι [from synonym] | [details] |
| Norwegian | piggvar [from synonym] | [details] |
| Norwegian Bokmål | piggvar [from synonym] | [details] |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | piggvar [from synonym] | [details] |
| Polish | turbot [from synonym]skarp [from synonym] | [details] |
| Portuguese | rodovalho [from synonym]pregado [from synonym] | [details] |
| Russian | tyurbo [from synonym] | [details] |
| Spanish | rodaballo [from synonym] | [details] |
| Swedish | piggvar [from synonym] | [details] |
| Turkish | disi kalkan | [details] |
Marine Life Information Network - UK (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Barcode of Life (8 barcodes) (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Barcode of Life (89 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Scophthalmus ponticus Ninni, 1932)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Rhombus magnus Minding, 1832)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (11 publications) (from synonym Pleuronectes cyclops Donovan, 1806)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (151 publications) (from synonym Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (25 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Rhombus stellosus Bennett, 1835)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (48 publications) (from synonym Rhombus aculeatus Gottsche, 1835)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (487 publications) (from synonym Rhombus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (56 publications) (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Pleuronectes turbot Lacepède, 1802)
To Dyntaxa (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Scophthalmus maximus)
To FAO Cultured Aquatic species fact sheets (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To FishBase
To FishBase (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To FishBase (from synonym Scophthalmus ponticus Ninni, 1932)
To FishBase (from synonym Rhombus aculeatus Gottsche, 1835)
To FishBase (from synonym Rhombus magnus Minding, 1832)
To FishBase (from synonym Rhombus stellosus Bennett, 1835)
To FishBase (from synonym Rhombus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758))
To FishBase (from synonym Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758)
To FishBase (from synonym Pleuronectes turbot Lacepède, 1802)
To FishBase (from synonym Psetta maxima maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To FishBase (from synonym Pleuronectes cyclops Donovan, 1806)
To FishSounds
To GenBank (198466 nucleotides; 105252 proteins)
To GenBank (198466 nucleotides; 105252 proteins) (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To GenBank (198466 nucleotides; 105252 proteins) (from synonym Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758)
To GenBank (198466 nucleotides; 105252 proteins) (from synonym Rhombus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI) (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To PESI
To PESI (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To ITIS
To Barcode of Life (8 barcodes) (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Barcode of Life (89 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Scophthalmus ponticus Ninni, 1932)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Rhombus magnus Minding, 1832)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (11 publications) (from synonym Pleuronectes cyclops Donovan, 1806)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (151 publications) (from synonym Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (25 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Rhombus stellosus Bennett, 1835)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (48 publications) (from synonym Rhombus aculeatus Gottsche, 1835)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (487 publications) (from synonym Rhombus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (56 publications) (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Pleuronectes turbot Lacepède, 1802)
To Dyntaxa (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Scophthalmus maximus)
To FAO Cultured Aquatic species fact sheets (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To FishBase
To FishBase (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To FishBase (from synonym Scophthalmus ponticus Ninni, 1932)
To FishBase (from synonym Rhombus aculeatus Gottsche, 1835)
To FishBase (from synonym Rhombus magnus Minding, 1832)
To FishBase (from synonym Rhombus stellosus Bennett, 1835)
To FishBase (from synonym Rhombus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758))
To FishBase (from synonym Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758)
To FishBase (from synonym Pleuronectes turbot Lacepède, 1802)
To FishBase (from synonym Psetta maxima maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To FishBase (from synonym Pleuronectes cyclops Donovan, 1806)
To FishSounds
To GenBank (198466 nucleotides; 105252 proteins)
To GenBank (198466 nucleotides; 105252 proteins) (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To GenBank (198466 nucleotides; 105252 proteins) (from synonym Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758)
To GenBank (198466 nucleotides; 105252 proteins) (from synonym Rhombus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI) (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To PESI
To PESI (from synonym Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758))
To ITIS
